Investigation on ash fusion behavior modification of wheat straw by sludge addition
Abstract
Energy utilization of biomass has attracted great interests. To decrease ash-related issues during straw gasification and mitigate sludge environmental pollution, the influences of three sludges [aluminum plant sludge (APS), paper-making sludge (PMS), and municipal waste-water sludge (MWS)] on the ash fusion behaviors of wheat straw (WS) and their variation mechanisms under reducing atmosphere were investigated. The ash fusion temperatures (AFTs) of mixed WS increased following APS > PMS > WMS when they were equal. The ratio of bridging-oxygen bonds and nonbridging-oxygen bonds of WS mixture decreased more obviously with APS addition than that of MWS, causing the WS-APS mixture AFT increased more quickly than that of WS-MWS. The formations of high melting-point (MP) KAlSiO4, MgAl2O4 and their increasing contents by APS addition resulted in the AFT increased obviously; the increase in relative high MP Ca3MgSi2O8 caused the AFT increase moderately with increasing PMS percentage; with MWS addition, the increasing CaMgSiO4 content led to a slow increase in the AFTs. The variations in liquid-phase content in the WS mixtures based on FactSage calculation were also explained the AFT variations.
- Publication:
-
Journal of the Energy Institute
- Pub Date:
- October 2021
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.joei.2021.05.007
- Bibcode:
- 2021JEneI..98....1L
- Keywords:
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- Wheat straw;
- Different sludges;
- Influences;
- Ash fusion temperature;
- Variation mechanisms