Halo coronal mass ejections and geomagnetic storms
Abstract
In this letter, I show that the discrepancies in the geoeffectiveness of halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reported in the literature arise due to the varied definitions of halo CMEs used by different authors. In particular, I show that the low geoeffectiveness rate is a direct consequence of including partial halo CMEs. The geoeffectiveness of partial halo CMEs is lower because they are of low speed and likely to make a glancing impact on Earth.
- Publication:
-
Earth, Planets and Space
- Pub Date:
- May 2009
- DOI:
- 10.1186/BF03352930
- Bibcode:
- 2009EP&S...61..595G
- Keywords:
-
- Coronal mass ejections;
- geomagnetic storms;
- geoeffectiveness;
- halo CMEs